Spanish is the official language, and most of the population is Roman Catholic, although the Indians have to some extent preserved their languages and traditional beliefs. Located about 69.5 miles northwest of Santiago, the Greater Valparaiso provides the second largest metropolitan in Chile. In 1980, the constitution, approved by referendum, confirmed Pinochet’s presidency to the end of the 20th century. PLAY. Tourism forms are the primary economic activity of both Santiago and Valparaiso. The leading state-financed research institutions are the Meteorological Bureau (1884) with its network of observatories and scientific stations, the Chilean Bacteriological Institute (1929), the Military Geographical Institute (1922, the country’s official cartographic institution), the National Geographical, Geodetic, and Geophysical Committee (1955), the Hydrographic Institute of the Navy (1874, Valparaiso), the Geological Institute (1957), the Chilean Antarctic Institute (1963, with scientific stations in Antarctica), and the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission. A film institute established in 1957 by the University of Chile in Santiago produced documentaries. Temperatures are relatively low and even, varying from 3°–5° to 8°–14°C. The slowdown has affected small-scale and artisan industries, as well as large enterprises. The largest output comes from the María Elena and Pedro de Valdivia mines in Tocopilla Province. What is the capital of Chile? The region's provinces are Ñuble, Bío Bío, Arauco, and Concepción. , who was sent by Francisco Pizarro from Peru to explore the southern region, led a party of men through the Andes into the central lowlands of Chile but was unsuccessful (1536) in establishing a foothold there. The workers’ share in the national income fell from 65 percent in 1972 to 35 percent in 1974. Sheep raising is the chief pastoral occupation, providing wool and meat for domestic use and for export. It contains Chile's largest cities—Santiago, ValparaisoValparaiso, Span. Chile is rich in many kinds of minerals. or. The “urban novel” criticized bourgeois society from a social and moral perspective. Chile’s armed forces consist of an army, an air force, and a navy, totaling more than 85,000 men in 1978. While still febrile, she traveled to Santiago, the, Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city, has 11,000 buses for 12 million people; Santiago, the, It is located about 850 km northeast of the, 10 questions from the quiz 1) What is the, From there he will be moving on to Santiago, the. Intimate lyrical images distinguish the paintings of E. Barreda and M. Lozano. Email or Phone: Password: Forgot account? On Solari’s initiative, the Soviet choreographer and teacher E. P. Valukin was invited in 1969 to teach in the ballet school attached to the University of Chile. Officers are trained at various military schools, in three academies (one for each branch of the armed forces), and at a military polytechnical academy. During the first half of the 20th century two main schools of composition emerged. The export-oriented copper industry accounts for more than 80 percent of the country’s metallic mineral output. Upon receiving a municipal subsidy in 1965, the company was renamed the Municipal Ballet and subsequently became the country’s foremost dance company. A philharmonic society was founded in Santiago in 1827, and a music school was opened there in 1849, becoming a conservatory in 1851. In the Pacific Ocean are Chile's several island possessions, including Easter IslandEaster Island,Span. In the early 1980s, the country was plagued by a recession and foreign debt grew significantly, but the economy leveled off late in the decade. The company staged both expressionist and classical ballets, although showing a decided preference for the latter. 30°S and 38°S, has a Mediterranean-type climate and fertile soils, and is the nation's most populous and productive region as well as the political and cultural center. Its territory includes the coastal islands of the Chilean Archipelago (Chiloé, Wellington, Santa Inés), the western portion of the island of Tierra del Fuego, and the Pacific islands of San Ambrosio, San Félix, Juan Fernández, Sala-y-Gómez, and Easter Island. They belong to Chile and are constitutionally a special territory; they are administered as a part of Valparaiso prov...... Click the link for more information. Chile is located along an active zone in the earth's crust and experiences numerous earthquakes, some of great magnitude. The region's scanty population is concentrated along the coast and in oases; the ports of AricaArica, city (1992 pop. As far as 35°S lat. In 1989, Patricio Aylwin AzócarAylwin Azócar, Patricio, 1918–2016, president of Chile (1990–94). Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city, has 11,000 buses for 12 million people; Santiago, the capital of Chile, 9,000 buses for 5 million people (Exhibit 1). The Araucanians put up a stiff resistance, inflicting a resounding defeat on the colonialists in 1553. The Teatro Municipal operates a school of ballet, founded in 1949 and headed by O. Montesino, and it sponsors the Pucará folklore ensemble. Dolph Lundgren recalls putting Stallone in the hospital. The capital of Chile is Santiago, which was founded 2/12/1541. Log in Sign up. From the 1950’s through the 1970’s the company’s soloists have included V. Roncal, Cintolesi, I. Milovan, H. Poll, J. Poldrig, E. Harli, and R. Galgillos. During the 1830’s and 1840’s many new domestic and foreign enterprises were founded. In 1879, Great Britain incited Chile to declare war on Peru and Bolivia in order to appropriate the large deposits of saltpeter on their territory. Of great importance for the subsequent development of the country’s theater was the activity of the National Drama Company (founded 1913) and the Báguena-Bührle Troupe (formed 1917), which attracted the outstanding actors and directors A. Biihrle, L. Cordoba, A. Flores, and R. Frontaura. What is the capital of Chile ? In 1917–18 A. P. Pavlova’s company performed in Santiago for two seasons. , an island shared with Argentina. The barren landscape of the north extends from the coast to the Andes, where snowcapped peaks tower above the desert. After the fascist junta seized power, progressive film-makers were subjected to repression, and many felt compelled to emigrate. More than 50 percent of the population lives in the central provinces, where the density reaches 180 persons per sq km. Chile’s timber reserves are estimated at 1.2 billion cu m. Some 8.2 million cu m of round timber, chiefly coniferous, were produced in 1975. Widespread domestic problems, including spiraling inflation, lack of food and consumer goods, stringent government controls, and opposition from some sectors to Allende's programs, led to a series of violent strikes and demonstrations. Cretaceous-Paleogene granitoids are also widely found. In N Chile is the southern portion of the extensive desert zone of W South America. One of the company’s male dancers, Ia. A Spanish-language literature has been developing in Chile since the beginning of colonial rule in the 16th century, when the Spaniard A. de Ercilla y Zúñiga (1553–94) wrote the famous epic La Araucana (parts 1–3, 1569–89), describing the Araucanians’ heroic resistance to the colonialists. Valparaiso prospers as a port city where more than 50 international cruise ships dock every summer. In the eastern plains the temperature ranges are somewhat greater, and the amount of precipitation decreases toward the Atlantic Ocean to a minimum of 250 mm a year. Ballet companies have also been formed in Arica, Valdivia, Concepción, and Valparaíso. As the situation worsened, the traditionally neutral Chilean military began to pressure Allende; he yielded to some of their demands and appointed military men to several high cabinet positions. mi. Prior to that time ballet performances had been given by foreign, chiefly European, companies. The accession to power in 1886 of the Liberal J. M. Balmaceda—an advocate of independent economic and political development—was unpalatable to the oligarchy, which was supported by the foreign monopolies, the church, and the upper ranks of the military. The military fascist coup of 1973 arrested the development of Chile’s art. The Andes are an orographic barrier, and the western slopes and the peaks receive much precipitation; permanently snowcapped mountains are found along Chile's length. The junta’s domestic isolation has been reinforced by international isolation. A partner of Francisco Pizarro, he took part in the first (1524) and second (1526–28) expeditions and in the bloody subjugation of the Incas after 1532...... Click the link for more information. The two cities are almost dependent on each other. Its capital is Santiago. In the mid-16th century Chile was included in the Viceroyalty of Peru, and in 1778 it was designated a separate captaincy general. The European immigration to Valparaiso in 1848–1914 left a unique imprint on Valparaiso architecture. The Vale of Chile is the country's primary agricultural area; its vineyards are the basis of Chile's wine industry. The leading branches of industry—food processing, textiles, clothing and footwear, and chemicals—are concentrated in Santiago, Valparaiso, and Concepción provinces. Among its finest productions were Tender Youth by L. Bernstein (choreographer C. Reyes), Don Juan by Gluck (choreographer R. Adam), Can-Can, based on music by J. Offenbach (choreographer Hermannsen), and Chopiniana, based on music by F. Chopin (choreographer M. Fokine, revised by Cintolesi). Allende, in an attempt to turn Chile into a socialist state, nationalized many private companies, instituted programs of land reform, and, in foreign affairs, sought closer ties with Communist countries. are major timber-handling centers. During most of the colonial period Chile was a captaincy general dependent upon the viceroyalty of Peru, but in 1778 it became a separate division virtually independent of Peru. The northern provinces average two to three persons per sq km. The Indian population comprises Araucanians (Mapuche), inhabiting the central part of the country, small groups of Quechua and Aymara in the north, and Fuegians in the extreme south. A large role in the economy is played by foreign, chiefly US, capital, the investment of which has been especially encouraged since the military junta seized power in 1973. (the chief link between Bolivia and the Pacific), the mining towns of Calama and Coplapó, and the industrial town of La SerenaLa Serena, city (1990 est. The revolutionary process encountered fierce opposition from domestic reactionaries, supported by foreign imperialism: the government’s efforts were deliberately undermined, economic difficulties were artificially created, and acts of terrorism and sabotage were carried out. Industries like tourism, shipping, freights, and culture forms the backbone of Valparaiso economy. The leading exponent of critical realism, A. Blest Gana (1830–1920), won renown for his cycle of novels entitled Human Comedy of Chile, portraying Chilean society at mid-century. Valparaiso benefits from a proximity to Santiago by having many tourists in summer especially in Vina del Mar and the Central Coast. Among the favourite musical instruments of the Araucanians are the cultrung drum, the huada rattle, and the wind instruments called trutruka, lolkin, and pifilka. over the Spaniards. Hydroelectric power plants supplied 70 percent of the electricity generated in 1975. The presidential election in 2017 resulted in a second term for Piñera, who easily defeated the center-left candidate Alejandro Guillier in the runoff. Famous actors and directors included E. Gajardo, M. Frank, M. Maluenda, A. Siré, S. Pineiro, O. Escámez, and M. González. About 70 percent of the population is not covered, including industrial workers, peasants, members of their families, and children under 15 years of age. The Allende government introduced far-reaching anti-imperialist and anti-oligarchic reforms; copper mines belonging to US monopolies were nationalized, restrictions were placed on the activity of the Chilean industrial, landowning, and financial oligarchy, and an agrarian reform was carried out that effectively abolished the latifundia system. The junta suspended the constitution, dissolved the National Congress, and banned all political parties and mass organizations. Moreover, it ranks second in molybdenum reserves (2 million tons) and third in native sulfur reserves (100 million tons). It was not until the end of the 18th century that Chile was permitted to trade with Spain and its colonies. Most of the output of the copper-ore and copper-smelting industry is exported; in 1974 such exports totaled 702,000 tons of blister and refined copper and 156,000 tons of copper concentrates. The average life expectancy was 62.6 years. The city, founded in the 16th cent...... Click the link for more information. Pliocene-Quaternary volcanoes crown the mountain ranges in the east. Easter Island is settled by Polynesians (Rapanui). What is the capital of Chile? Pinochet wields executive power, and the junta as a whole exercises legislative authority. Santiago, capital city of Chile Santiago basks in one of the world’s most spectacular settings. The country has deposits of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, barite, and other ores, as well as petroleum, natural gas, and coal. South of 39° S lat. Large factories and plants, constituting 3 percent of the total number of enterprises, provide 59 percent of the value of the industrial output and employ 44 percent of the workers in manufacturing. N Chile, the economic mainstay of the nation, is rich in a variety of minerals, including copper, nitrates, iron, manganese, molybdenum, gold, and silver. An optimistic portrayal of the workers’ struggle and political and spiritual evolution may be found in the novels Son of Saltpeter (1952) and Seed in the Sand (1957) by V. Teitelboim (born 1916) and the novels The Cell (1958; Russian translation, Olga, 1962) and Wind of Wrath (1961) by E. Delano (born 1910). . The chief crops are wheat, corn, barley, oats, potatoes, sugar beets, rice, and rape. A substantial area is planted to orchards (plums, cherries, peaches, citrus fruits) and vineyards. The largest hydroelectric power plant (capacity, 350 megawatts) is located at Rapel, and the largest thermoelectric power plant (170 megawatts) operates at Tocopilla. However, the government’s “Chileanization” of copper through the gradual buying up of the stock owned by American monopolies did not limit the profits of the US companies. Social conditions were also depicted critically by D. Barros Grez (1834–1904) and L. Orrego Luco (1886–1948), whose novel The Big House (1908) showed the degeneration of the landowning aristocracy. The junta’s antinational and antipopular policies caused an abrupt deterioration of the situation in the country, the impoverishment of the working people, and a considerable rise in the cost of living. Pop. 170,064), N Chile, on the Pacific Ocean, just south of the Peruvian border and at the northern limit of the Atacama Desert. The most popular illustrated weekly magazines are Vea (since 1939, circulation 180,000) and Ercilla (since 1934, circulation 300,000). Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th cent., the Araucanians had long been in control of the land in the southern part of the region; in the north, the inhabitants were ruled by the Inca empire. Economic stability, the improvement of labor conditions, and the control of Communists were the chief aims of the administration of Gabriel González Videla, who was elected president in 1946. In March 1936 a Popular Front was created by the Communist, Radical, and Socialist parties. Except for the Loa River, North Chile has no permanent streams or drainage into the ocean. The metropolitan area called Greater Santiago and corresponds to the capital of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago which is the capital city of Chile . Other facilities located in Santiago are numerous public and private sports clubs, stadiums, ski slopes in Farellones and resorts located on the coast.