The great ruler declared that anything that they needed would be theirs to have. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Cortés dismounted and was greeted by the ruler and his lords, but forbidden to touch him. The aquarium had ten ponds of salt water and ten ponds of fresh water, containing various fish and aquatic birds. Founded c. 1325, it was destroyed by the Spanish in 1521. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. having to do with a habitat or ecosystem of a lake, river, or spring. V době objevení města Evropany v 16. století žilo ve městě řádově asi sto tisíc obyvatel. [8] The calpullis were divided by channels used for transportation, with wood bridges that were removed at night. Mexico City is founded on the ruins of Tenochtitlan. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Townsend, Camilla. an ancient city and capital of the Aztec empire on the present site of Mexico City; razed by Cortés in 1521. This stone is 4 meters (13 ft 1 in) in diameter and weighs over 20 short tons (17.9 long tons; 18.1 metric tons). During the festival, the Spaniards came heavily armed and closed off every exit from the courtyard so that no one would escape. Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexica altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City.The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear. The great temple was destroyed by the Spanish during the construction of a cathedral. [22] He was thrilled to have visitors of such stature. The complex system involved many social classes. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. According to the context of Aztec culture in literature, the soap that they most likely used was the root of a plant called copalxocotl (Saponaria americana),[5] and to clean their clothes they used the root of metl (Agave americana). Superior weaponry and a devastating smallpox outbreak enabled the Spanish to … Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society Information and translations of Tenochtitlan in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. WORD OF … Traditionally, the name Tenochtitlan was thought to come from Nahuatl tetl [ˈtetɬ] ("rock") and nōchtli [ˈnoːtʃtɬi] ("prickly pear") and is often thought to mean, "Among the prickly pears [growing among] rocks". [7] Teteuctin were the highest class, rulers of various parts of the empire, including the king. Tenochtitlán - Die Hauptstadt der Azteken. Acamapichtli, the first tlatoani (ruler) Although there are not precise numbers, the city's population has been estimated at between 200,000–400,000 inhabitants,[15] placing Tenochtitlan among the largest cities in the world at that time. Although the Spaniards were seeking gold, Moctezuma expressed that he had very little of the sort, but all of it was to be given to Cortés if he desired it. Also located nearby was the cuicalli, or house of the songs, and the calmecac.[11]. Here they learned that Moctezuma was supposedly the one who ordered the officers executed. Causeways that doubled as dikes connected the island to the mainland and separated freshwater from saltwater, protecting the chinampas. In the center of the city were the public buildings, temples, and palaces. There were three main streets that crossed the city, each leading to one of the three causeways to the mainland of Tepeyac, Iztapalapa, and Tlacopan. tlán. The Spanish established a Europeans-only zone in the center of the city, an area of 13 blocks in each direction of the central plaza, which was the traza. You cannot download interactives. [33] Concern about the health of the indigenous population in early post-conquest Mexico–Tenochtitlan led to the founding of a royal hospital for indigenous residents. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on 8 November 1519. These groups consist of both elite members of Aztec society and commoners. Estimated to be 12 to 16 km (7.5 to 9.9 mi) in length, the levee was completed circa 1453. The date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. If you could go back in time, what would you see? They drank a beverage made from the maguey plant, which was also used to make clothes and rope. Meaning of Tenochtitlan. The levee kept fresh spring-fed water in the waters around Tenochtitlan and kept the brackish waters beyond the dike, to the east. The Mexica saw this vision on what was then a small swampy island in Lake Texcoco, a vision that is now immortalized in Mexico's coat of arms and on the Mexican flag. De Stadt worr in’t 14.Johrhunnert grünnt. Als Cortes 1519 einmarschierte, betrug die Einwohnerzahl wahrscheinlich um 100000 Menschen. At this event the most prominent warriors of altepetl[clarification needed] would dance in front of a huge statue of Huitzilopochtli. Inside a walled square, 500 meters to a side, was the ceremonial center. Cultural traits that define the region include the domestication of maize, beans, avocado, and vanilla, and a common architectural style. Die Stadt befindet sich im Zentrum des Tales, im südlichen Teil des Mondsees und ist damit vollständig von Wasser umgeben. Adding even more complexity to Aztec social stratification was the calpolli. The center of the city was known as the Templo Mayor. Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire, was founded by the Aztec or Mexica people around 1325 C.E. The Aztec region of Mesoamerica, called Anáhuac, contained a group of five connected lakes. [20], Nobles lined each side of the city's main causeway, which extended about a league. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century[2] until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521. large home or mansion, often the home of a leader or dignitary. Terms of Service |  Huitzilopochtli directed them to build where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus, eating a snake. characteristic to or of a specific place. (1519) erlebte. Bylo založeno v roce 1325 a později od roku 1428 se stalo vedoucím členem a hlavním městem Aztécké říše, a to do roku 1521. For drinking, water from mountain springs was preferred. [1] The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. "Tenochtitlan in the Early Colonial Period." This beverage was sometimes fermented to create an alcoholic drink. What a few people know is that, a few years after creating the settlement of Tenochtitlan, a group of dissatisfied settlers separated from the original group and founded, in 1337, the city of Tlatelolco, which would become a rival of Tenochtitlan. [39], In August 1987, archaeologists discovered a mix of 1,789 human bones five meters (16 ft 5 in) below street level in Mexico City. The Aztec built their capital city, Tenochtitlan, on Lake Texcoco. It formed a confederacy with Texcoco and Tlacopán and was the Aztec capital by the late 15th century. Huitzilopochtli directed them to build where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus, eating a snake. [27], Cortés subsequently besieged Tenochtitlan for over 90 days, causing a famine. "A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts". The Spanish conquistadors, aided by an alliance of indigenous peoples, laid siege to the Aztec capital for 93 days, until the Mexica surrendered on August 13, 1521. Toussaint, Manuel, Federico Gómez de Orozco, and Justino Fernández, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 13:47. He “ordered his priests to look for the prickly pear cactus and build a temple in his honor. For thousands of years, this area was populated by groups such as the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, Toltec, and Aztec peoples. In the colonial period both San Juan Tenochtitlan and Santiago Tlatelolco retained jurisdiction over settlements on the mainland that they could draw on for labor and tribute demanded by the Spanish, but increasingly those subordinate settlements (sujetos) were able to gain their autonomy with their own rulers and separate relationship with the Spanish rulers. 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