Gunakama Deva founded the town Kantipur (modern-day Kathmandu). Experts are of the opinion that some or all of the inhabitants of Nepal in the ancient period were likely called 'Nepals', which meant that the word 'Nepal' was used to refer to both the land and its population. However, many are unhappy with the document, as the BBC's Charles Haviland explains. [26] From beginning to the mid of 18th century, the Thapas and Pandes had extreme dominance over Nepalese Darbar politics alternatively contesting for central power amongst each other.[27]. Violent ethnic protests erupt in the south-east; demonstrators demand autonomy for the region. Groups there have been demanding regional autonomy. Finally, Prithvi Narayan Shah entered the valley. GP Koirala is appointed as prime minister.
4. The rivalry between Nepal and the British East India Company over the princely states bordering Nepal and British-India eventually led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16), in which Nepal suffered substantial losses due to lack of guns and ammunitions against the British-Indian forces with advanced weapons. As a result, many witnesses to this repression became radicalized. King Gyanendra dismisses Deuba and indefinitely puts off elections set for November. The king carried out the promised reforms, including selection of the prime minister by the Rastriya Panchayat. A week later he reappointed another government, but the country was still very unstable. Lokendra Bahadur Chand appointed as PM. After Aramudi, who is mentioned in the Kashmirian chronicle, the Rajatarangini of Kalhana (1150 CE), many Thakuri kings ruled over parts of the country up to the middle of the 12th century CE. [6] Tharus, Tibeto-Burmans who mixed heavily with Indians in the southern regions, are natives of the cental Terai region of Nepal. After Bhaskara Deva, four kings of this line ruled over the country. Nepal is about to adopt a new constitution, after nearly a decade of delay. [42] The then United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, alleged that the denial of petroleum and medicine to Nepal constituted a violation of human rights, adding to the humanitarian crisis. King Gyanendra reappoints Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister with the task of holding elections. King Gyanendra orders army to crush the Maoist rebels. The custom of pasting the pictures of Nagas and Vasuki on the doors of houses on the day of Nagapanchami was introduced by him. ), Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal, stallo politico e lentezze nella realizzazione del processo di pace e di riconciliazione", in, Garzilli, Enrica, "A Sanskrit Letter Written by Sylvain Lévy in 1925 to Hemarāja Śarmā along with Some Hitherto Unknown Biographical Notes (Cultural Nationalism and Internationalism in the First Half of the 20th Century – Famous Indologists write to the Raj Guru of Nepal – No. [33] A seven-party coalition resumed control of the government and stripped the king of most of his powers. They were Bala Deva, Padma Deva, Nagarjuna Deva and Shankara Deva. The Vamshavalis or chronicles, the oldest of which was written during the 14th century, are the only fairly reliable basis for Nepal's ancient history. Many of these Nepalese in exile had actively taken part in the Indian Independence struggle and wanted to liberate Nepal as well from the autocratic Rana occupation. Wap Nepal is a leading website of Nepal providing latest updates, information and results since 2008. A series of bomb blasts kill and injure dozens in the southern Terai plains. The aristocratic Rana regime that began from 2 nd Aswin, 1903 B.S. According to Pashupati Purana, as a place protected by Ne, the country in the heart of the Himalayas came to be known as Nepal. Prithvi Narayan Shah sat on a throne put on the palace courtyard for the king of Kathmandu, proclaiming himself the king. The Nepali Congress won 110 of the 205 seats and formed the first elected government in 32 years. The Constituent Assembly elects the Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda' as the first Prime Minister of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. This is known as the event of 2017 in Nepalese history. Michaels, Axel, et al. Minority ethnic groups like Madhesi and Tharu protested vigorously against the constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015. The most ambitious king Mahendra sacked and imprisoned Bisheshwar Prasad Koirala on 1st Paush, 2017. [19], In 641, Songtsen Gampo of the Tibetan Empire sends Narendradeva back to Licchavi with an army and subjugates Nepal. I t is a good news for us all Nepalese that after a long waiting period of time, finally the draft of the constitution has been released by the CA i.e Constitution Assembly. In the Constituent Assembly election of November 2013, the Nepali Congress won the largest share of the votes but failed to get a majority. Let’s hope this new constitution of Nepal 2072 will make the drastic change in no time in the following years. Why is the 1st Poush, 2017 BS considered as the "Black Day" in the history of Nepal? At the same time, despite of Chinese claims, the British supported Nepalese independence at the beginning of the twentieth century. In Nepal, the “upper” castes refer to the Brahmans and Chhetris and the “lower” castes refer to the Dalits who suffer from caste- and untouchability-based practice and religious, social, economic, political, and cultural discrimination. The Padma Shamsher JBR himself was the inciter or promoter of this constitution. [13] Also, the presence of historical sites such as the Valmiki ashram, indicates the presence of Sanatana (ancient) Hindu culture in parts of Nepal at that period. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) became the largest party amidst a general atmosphere of … In May 1991, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections in nearly 50 years. This period is the first documented period in the history of Nepal. These events led to a major humanitarian crisis which affected the reconstruction after the earthquake. State of emergency declared after more than 100 people are killed in four days of violence. Nepse Index reached its all-time high of 1881.45 on July 27, 2016. Electoral System: Nepal has universal suffrage for citizens 18 years of age and older. It is mentioned in some genealogies and Puranas that the "Suryavansi Kshetriyas had established a new regime by defeating the Kirats". In 2004 Bikram Sambat, the Government of Nepal Act was enacted. The Nepal Government Act 1948. Shankara Deva tried to pacify the Brahmins harassed by the Buddhists. Constitution with directive principle of the state policy. 6 National Communication Policy formulated in 1992 in essence paved the way for the liberalization of the telecommunication sector in Nepal followed by the enactment of The Telecommunications Act and Regulations in 1997. On 25 September 1768, as the people of Kathmandu were celebrating the festival of Indra Jatra, the Gorkhali army marched into the city. This turmoil culminated in King Tribhuvan, a direct descendant of Prithvi Narayan Shah, fleeing from his "palace prison" in 1950, to India, touching off an armed revolt against the Rana administration. State the social and economic aspects during the period of 2007 BS to 2017 BS and write their impacts . During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model. • After lost political fortune in India the come in the Nepal. Pro-democracy agitation co-ordinated by NCP and leftist groups. The motion for the abolition of the monarchy was carried by a huge majority: out of 564 members present in the assembly, 560 voted for the motion while 4 members voted against it. After 1800, the heirs of Prithvi Narayan Shah proved unable to maintain firm political control over Nepal. [19] By means of the notices contained in the classics of the East and West, the Kiranti people were living in their present whereabouts for the last 2000 to 2500 years, with an extensive dominion, possibly reaching at one time to the delta of the Ganges. Royalist Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa resigns following weeks of street protests by opposition groups. Historians differ about the rule of several kings and their respective times. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point, 1999. p. 189, Learn how and when to remove this template message, first parliamentary elections in nearly 50 years, President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), India suspended vital supplies to landlocked Nepal, "Genetic studies on the Tharu population of Nepal: restriction endonuclease polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA", "History and Culture of the Himalaya: Historical Propectives Vol. Three bombs hit Kathmandu in the first attack in the capital since the end of the Maoist insurgency. 2. After the victory in Kirtipur, King Jaya Prakash Malla of Kathmandu sought help from the British and the then East India Company sent a contingent of soldiers under Captain Kinloch in 1767. The Kathmandu valley was thus conquered by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, who proclaimed himself King with Kathmandu as the royal capital of the Kingdom of Nepal.[24]. Other variants found in medieval texts are 'Nepar' and 'Newal'. The Shakya clan formed an independent oligarchic republican state known as the 'Śākya Gaṇarājya' during the late Vedic period (c. 1000 – c. 500 BCE) and the later so-called second urbanisation period (c. 600 – c. 200 BCE). The last Malla rulers were Jaya Prakash Malla, Teja Narasingha Malla and Ranjit Malla of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur respectively. The Ranas were staunchly pro-British and assisted the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and later in both World Wars. [21], The Simroun, Karnat or Dev dynasty originated with an establishment of a kingdom in 1097 CE headquartered at present day Simroungarh in Bara district. After the fall of the Thakuri dynasty, a new dynasty was founded by Arideva or Ari Malla, known as the 'Malla dynasty'. Caught in row over dismissal of Nepal's army chief, country's Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, also known as Prachanda, has resigned citing obstacle in government functioning as the main reason. It is possible that the Dravidian people whose history predates the onset of the bronze age in the Indian subcontinent (around 3300 BC) inhabited the area before the arrival of other ethnic groups like the Tibeto-Burmans and Indo-Aryans from across the border. King Prithvi Narayan Shah's victory march began with the conquest of Nuwakot, which lies between Kathmandu and Gorkha, in 1744. Slavery was abolished in Nepal in 1924 under premiership of Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana.[29]. New elections lead to formation of Communist government. [b] According to Nepal Mahatmya,[c] Nemi was charged with protection of the country by Pashupati. From the 7th or 8th Century B.C. In addition to military support, Nepal contributed guns, equipment as well as hundreds of thousand of pounds of tea, sugar and raw materials such as timber to the Allied war effort. [9][10], Another possibility for the first people to have inhabited Nepal are the Kusunda people. In 1992, in a situation of economic crisis and chaos, with spiraling prices as a result of the implementation of changes in policy of the new Congress government, the radical left stepped up their political agitation. Wap Nepal is a leading website of Nepal providing latest updates, information and results since 2008. Similarly, the Constituent Assembly elected Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) as the first Prime Minister of the republic on August 15, 2008, favoring him over Sher Bahadur Deuba of the Nepali Congress. Write the reasons stated by the King Mahendra while banning the political parties. The intention was to consolidate and enhance expertise on these countries, so as to improve the quality of the People, politics and ideology: Democracy and Social Change in Nepal. Due to his survival, he temporarily became king before dying of his wounds, after which Prince Gyanendra (King Birendra's brother) inherited the throne, as per tradition. The Thakuri dynasty were Rajputs. King Mahendra seizes control and suspends parliament, constitution and party politics after Nepali Congress Party (NCP) wins elections with B. P. Koirala as premier. When promised land reforms failed to appear, people in some districts started to organize to enact their own land reform and to gain some power over their lives in the face of usurious landlords. Elections for a constituent assembly pushed back to November. This policy helped Nepal maintain its independence during the British colonial era, but it also impeded the country's economic development and modernisation. Licchavi 1150 B.S. Records mention the Gopalas and Mahishapalas believed to have been the earliest rulers with their capital at Matatirtha, the south-west corner of the Kathmandu Valley. Established the PSC. Now Nepal is on the way to the federal system. ", Garzilli, Enrica, "A Sanskrit Letter Written by Sylvain Lévi in 1923 to Hemarāja Śarmā Along With Some Hitherto Unknown Biographical Notes (Cultural Nationalism and Internationalism in the First Half of the 21st Cent. Royal decree gives absolute power to prime minister and his family, Ranoddip Singh Rana assassinated; Bir Shamser Rana becomes prime minister, chandra Shamsher Rana forced to abdicate; Chandra Shamsher Rana becomes prime minister, Thousands of Nepalese citizens fight as soldiers for British in World War I (to 1918), Tens of thousands of Nepalese citizens fight as soldiers for British in, Nepali National Congress established through merger of former All-India Nepali National Congress with Nepalese Society of Banaras and Gorkha Congress of Calcutta, Prime Minister Padma Shamsher Rana announces first. Two months after the departure of King Gyanendra, Ram Baran Yadav becomes Nepal's first president. As a pyramidal structure, progressing from village assemblies to the Rastriya Panchayat, the Panchayat system constitutionalized the absolute power of the monarch and kept the King as head of state with sole authority over all governmental institutions, including the cabinet (council of ministers) and the parliament. Subsequently, the elected prime minister, members of parliament and hundreds of democratic activists were arrested. Constitutional history of Nepal. Taking that opportunity Nanya Deva, a Karnat dynasty king, attacked Nuwakot from Simraungarh. In the 68-year history of constitutional development up to this Constitution, Nepal experienced 7 different constitutions in different time periods, with previous constitutions being enacted in 1948, 1951, 1959, 1962, 1990, and 2007. This government drafted a constitution called the 'Interim Government Act' which was the first constitution of Nepal. After the peak, the market plunged more than 40% and closed at 1,102.64 Tuesday (March 05, 2019). As a result, riots broke out and the Nepal Telecommunications building was set on fire; police opened fire at the crowd, killing several persons. Maoist rebels and main opposition parties agree on a programme intended to restore democracy. There are three types of elections in Nepal: ... must not belong to a political party immediately before their appointment, must have attained the age of forty-five and must possess high moral character. According to Hindu mythology, Nepal derives its name from an ancient Hindu sage called Ne, referred to variously as Ne Muni or Nemi. Maoist ministers resign from the cabinet in a row over who should be the next head of state. The ban on political parties was lifted on 26 th Chaitra 2046 B.S. A victory rally was held in Kathmandu on 27 th Chaitra and peole gathered all around. Over the next two centuries, his kingdom expanded widely, into much of the Indian subcontinent and western Tibet, before disintegrating into small principalities, which later came to be known as the Baise Rajya. Former Maoist rebels win the largest bloc of seats in elections to the new constituent assembly, but fail to achieve an outright majority. It has three political parties mainly recognised in the federal parliament: Nepal Communist Party (NCP), Nepali Congress (NC), and Janata Samajwadi Party (JSPN). This eventually ended in the return of the Shah family to power and the appointment of a non-Rana as prime minister following a tri-partite agreement signed called 'Delhi Compromise'. Conquest of Chaudandi and Majh Kirant states. The earthquake also triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing 21. He was the son of Śuddhodana, the elected leader of the Śākya Gaṇarājya. 5. %page% Nepali Typeshala; Date Converter; Postal Code; Hello! Rebels pull out of peace talks with government and end seven-month truce. After Sivadeva III, Mahendra Deva, Mana Deva, Narendra Deva II, Ananda Deva, Rudra Deva, Amrita Deva, Ratna Deva II, Somesvara Deva, Gunakama Deva II, Lakmikama Deva III and Vijayakama Deva II ruled Nepal in quick succession. [16][17][18] Gautama Buddha (c. 6th to 4th centuries BCE), whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism, was the best-known Shakya. King Prithvi Narayan Shah was quite aware of the political situation of the valley kingdoms as well as of the Baise and Chaubise principalities. [30] A general strike was called for April 6. political economy analyses of eleven countries (Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Haiti, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Somalia, South Sudan and Tanzania) deemed important to Nor - wegian development cooperation. [39] The then prime minister of Nepal, KP Sharma Oli, publicly accused India for the blockade calling the act more inhumane than war. [1] The Anglo-Nepalese War ended in British victory and ceded some Nepalese territory. Some times this period is called. During, the constitutional development of Nepal, the government of Nepal Act 2004 B.S is the first and historical document of Nepal which was declared by the Shree III Padma Shamsher JBR. He established the image of 'Shantesvara Mahadeva' and 'Manohara Bhagavati'. They are said to have been followed by the Mahiṣapālavaṃśa or "buffalo-herder dynasty", established by a Yadav named Bhul Singh.[14]. Political Activities from 2046 B.S. Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba loses no-confidence vote, ushering in period of increased political instability, with frequent changes of prime minister. The derivation of the word Nepal is also the subject of a number of other theories: Prehistoric sites of palaeolithic, mesolithic and neolithic origins have been discovered in the Siwalik hills of Dang district. Meanwhile, the rebellion escalated, and in October 2002 the king temporarily deposed the government and took complete control of it. According to the Gopal genealogy, the Lichhavis established their rule in Nepal by defeating the last Kirati King 'Khigu', 'Galiz' according to the language-genealogy and 'Gasti' according to Wright genealogy. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) established a provisional "people's government" at the district level in several locations. Executive answerable to the king . : Famous Indologists Write to the Raj Guru of Nepal – no. On December 24, 2007, seven parties, including the former Maoist rebels and the ruling party, agreed to abolish the monarchy and declare Nepal a federal republic. 40 % and closed at 1,102.64 Tuesday ( March 05, 2019 ) crisis which the... Of proto-Australoid origin Republic of Nepal – no for conflict transformation Nuwakot-Thankuris the... 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